which was itself a consequence of the unitary character and activity of the one God, indicates how closely integrated are matters of theology and social identity. Lastly, in relation to 4:9–12, it is apparent that this passage leaves a question hanging: What is the status of Judeans who have not come to righteousness by faith in respect of Abraham? Is Paul insinuating that they are not really his sons, meaning he is not distinguishing between real and fictive kinship, or is it the case that nothing
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